
















































































Class_ 

Book_ 


Copyright N°_ 


COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 




















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SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDENTS OF 
PSYCHOLOGY 


A Simple Statement of Essential Truths Concerning 
the Powers of Man and the Laws 
of Their Activities 


BY 

ANITA TRUEMAN 'u'cMt 

Author of “Aceon,” “Anton’s Angels,” snd “ Philo-Sophia.” 


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NEW YORK 

J. S. OGILVIE PUBLISHING COMPANY 

57 ROSE STREET 




THE LIBRARY OF 
CONGRESS, 

Two Copies Received ! 

AUG !1 '903 

ft Copyright Entry 

Z ^ ^ 0 ? 

CLASSQ a- XXc. No. 

COPY B. 




Copyright, 1903, 

BY 

ANITA TRUEMAN. 


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DEDICATED 
TO THE MEMORY OF 
MY BELOVED FRIEND AND TEACHER, 

JOHN W. DICKINSON. 


Suggestions for Students of Psychology. 

iii 



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Suggestions for Students of Psychology. 


i 






PREFACE. 


This little book presents, in logical order, the 
essential truths which have been embodied in the 
various courses of study called collectively, “The 
Science of True Living.” 

A knowledge of the mind is to the problems of 
life what a knowledge of algebra is to mathemati¬ 
cal problems. It enables the individual to solve 
them with comparatively little effort, for he has 
already done a large part of the thinking required 
in the solution of any problem. I have en¬ 
deavored to lead the reader by easy steps, to a 
knowledge of the mind that will be of great prac¬ 
tical value to him. 

The chart, which has been a prominent feature 
in the study of “The Science of True Living,” is 
here introduced to illustrate several points, and to 
enable the reader to fix them more definitely in his 
mind. 


vi 


Preface. 


Trusting that these suggestions may lead a few 
of my companions to a clearer understanding of 
the inner world of the mind, and a fuller realiza¬ 
tion of the divine possibilities of human life, I 
submit them to all students of life and its prob¬ 
lems. Anita Trueman. 


PART L 

SUBSTANCE, POWER AND LAW. 


SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDENTS 
OF PSYCHOLOGY. 


i. 


SUBSTANCE. 

When we contemplate the external universe, we 
become conscious of space. 

We think of any object as occupying and en¬ 
closed by space. 

That which fills the space occupied by any ob¬ 
ject is called substance, because it stands under 
the surface which separates the object from the 
space surrounding it. 

Substance is that which fills space. 

When we think of any portion of space, how¬ 
ever great or small, we think of the substance 
which fills it, even though it be invisible and im¬ 
ponderable. 

All space is filled with substance. 



4 


Suggestions for Students 


DENSITY. 

When the particles in one mass of substance lie 
closer together than those in another, the first is 
said to be of greater density than the second. 

MATTER. 

If the substance which fills a form is of greater 
density than that which surrounds it, vibrations 
transmitted through the surrounding substance 
are reflected from its surface. 

If these vibrations are of such a nature as to in¬ 
fluence the organs of sense, they are transmitted 
to the brain-centers, and there received by the 
mind as impressions, from which are derived ideas 
of the existence and properties of the object. 

Any form of sufficient density to reflect vibra¬ 
tions which can be transmitted to the mind 
through the senses, is called a material object, 
and the substance which fills the space which it 
occupies is called matter. 

Matter is substance of sufficient density to re¬ 
flect vibrations which can be transmitted to the 
mind through the organs of sense. 


Of Psychology. 


5 


SPIRIT. 

Science has proved the existence of a substance 
whose density is so slight that its particles are free 
to pass between the particles of denser substances. 
This substance is called ether, and is said to per¬ 
vade the denser substances, and to fill all those 
vast regions of space which to human sense ap¬ 
pear to be vacant. It is also recognized that in 
this substance there are many degrees of density, 
beyond the possibility of measurement to the 
human mind. 

Forms which are filled with this ethereal or 
spiritual substance are imperceptible to human 
sense. Yet they reflect vibrations through the 
spiritual substance which surrounds them, which 
are perceptible to the spiritual senses of our being. 
These are called spiritual forms, and the sub¬ 
stance which fills the space which they occupy is 
called spirit. 

Spirit is substance of insufficient density to re¬ 
flect vibrations which can be transmitted to the 
mind through the organs of sense. 

It will thus be seen that matter and spirit are 


6 


Suggestions for Students 


different degrees of density in the same universal 
substance, and that spirit pervades all material 
forms, and fills all seemingly vacant space. 

It is clear, also, that in Nature there is no line 
of demarkation between matter and spirit, but that 
the distinction between them is made by the human 
mind. If our senses were more refined, we should 
be able to perceive how substantial spiritual forms 
are, and how real is the spiritual universe which 
pervades and surrounds our material world. 


Of Psychology. 


7 


II. 

POWER. 

When we contemplate the external universe, we 
observe that changes are constantly taking place 
in it. 

When we think of ourselves, and so become con¬ 
scious of our mental states, we realize constant 
changes in them also. 

Whenever we become conscious of a change, 
either in our environment or in our mental states, 
we immediately think of the power which produced 
the change. We never think of power but as the 
cause of change, and our knowledge of power is 
derived wholly from study of the changes which it 
produces. 

Power is that which produces change. 

We know that the condition of every mass of 
substance is constantly changing, and that every 
particle of substance is continually changing its 


8 


Suggestions for Students 


relation to other particle*. Therefore, we infer 
that power and substance are co-existent, and that 
as substance is universal, power is infinite. 

Power and substance are infinite and insepar¬ 
able. 

We observe the greatest changes in substances of 
least density, and conclude that power is most 
active in these substances. 

We may say, then, that the unlimited changes 
in Nature are caused by an infinite power, which 
acts in all substances, but most freely in the most 
spiritual. 

ATTRACTION. 

When we contemplate the changes taking place 
in the external universe, we notice a tendency for 
all material substances to be drawn together. 

That activity of power which causes material 
substances to be d"awn together is called attrac¬ 
tion. 

When it is exerted between the particles in any 
mass of substance, it is called cohesion. 

When it is exerted between a mass of substance 
and particles brought into contact with its surface, 
it is called adhesion. 


Of Psychology. 


9 


When it is exerted between the heavenly bodies, 
or between the earth and material substances near 
its surface, it is called gravitation. 

When it is exerted between substances which 
are fitted to blend with each other, it is called 
affinity. 

When we think of ourselves, we realize that 
while the physical substance of our being is at¬ 
tracted to the earth, the spiritual substance of our 
being is drawn toward other souls, especially 
toward those whose habits of action are such as 
to blend with our own. The power of attraction, 
acting thus in the soul, is called love. 

We are also conscious of being drawn forth out 
of ourselves by the attraction of the soul for the 
Universal Spirit. This attraction of the soul for 
the Universal Spirit is called religion. 

DIFFERENTIATION". 

Through the power of attraction, the substance 
which fills the universe is divided into separate 
masses, and what is called matter is differentiated 
from the spiritual substance which pervades and 
surrounds it. 


10 Suggestions for Students 


The power in any mass of substance is organized 
as a unit, and acts as such in molding its expres¬ 
sion, organizing further power, and producing 
changes in its environment. 

Thus the Infinite Power is differentiated into 
multitudes of finite, subordinate powers, through 
which, as agents, it acts, in producing all the 
changes which we behold in the environment and 
realize in our mental states. But the indivisibility 
of the Infinite Power is maintained, as the sub¬ 
stance in which it dwells, and from which its 
activity proceeds is the Universal Spirit. 

The power which is resident and active in spirit¬ 
ual substances is called intelligence. 

The power which is resident and active in 
material substances is called force. 

Intelligence produces changes in the condition 
of matter through the co-operation of the forces 
resident in matter. 


BEING. 

A power which is the conscious cause of its own 
activities is called a being. 

The Infinite Power is called the Supreme Being, 


Of Psychology, 11 

because It is the First Cause of all activities in the 
universe. 

VIBRATION". 

When two bodies are attracted toward each 
other, but are prevented from coming together by 
the resistance of intervening substances, or by 
counter attractions, the tendency of each to move 
toward the other displaces the adjacent particles 
of the intervening substance. These encounter 
the resistance of the substance beyond, and are 
forced back to their former position, while their 
motion is communicated to the next adjacent 
particles. This progressive motion is continued 
until it reaches the other body. It is called vibra¬ 
tion. 

By means of vibration, communication is estab¬ 
lished between powers resident in bodies which are 
attracted toward each other, but prevented from 
coming together. 

RATES OF VIBRATION. 

It will be seen that if a vibration is communi¬ 
cated through a material substance, it meets with 
far greater resistance than in passing through a 


12 


Suggestions for Students 


spiritual substance. Hence it travels much more 
slowly than if communicated through a spiritual 
substance. 

As all substances are constantly being acted 
upon by the power of attraction, vibrations are 
constantly being inaugurated at all points, and 
traveling through all space. Hence all substances 
are in a state of vibration. The denser the sub¬ 
stance, the lower will be its rate of vibration; the 
more spiritual the substance, the higher will be its 
rate of vibration. 

Vibrations which are inaugurated by intelligence 
travel through the universal spiritual substance, 
and encounter very slight resistance. Those inau¬ 
gurated by force travel through material substances 
and are greatly modified by the conditions of the 
substances through which they are communicated. 


Of Psychology. 


13 


III. 

LAWS. 

The conditions which limit the activity of finite 
powers are called laws. 

A law is a condition which limits action. 

The activity of any finite power is limited by 
the laws of its own nature, and by the conditions 
of its environment. 

The nature of the power involved in a seed is 
to carry out the impulse communicated to it by 
the parent plant, and organize the elements it 
finds in its environment into a similar plant. But 
the power of the seed can produce such an effect 
only when it finds within range of its activity 
other powers whose nature is such as to cause them 
to respond to the attraction it exerts, and co-oper¬ 
ate with it in the evolution of its destiny. 

As the plant grows, its power increases, and it 
comes into relation with new powers and condi¬ 
tions, which in turn limit its larger activity. 


14 Suggestions for Students 


It will thus be seen that the laws which govern 
any power are the conditions produced by other 
powers combined with those produced by its own 
activity. 

These are, in the case of the plant: 

1. The impulse communicated by the parent 
plant to the power embodied in the seed, and the 
conditions imposed in the coustruction of the seed. 

2. The conditions imposed by the activity of 
other powers in the environment. 

3. The conditions produced by its own activity 
and growth. 

All powers become laws, when considered as 
limiting by their activity the freedom of other 
powers. 

Every power is “a law unto itself,” inasmuch, 
as it is limited in its activity by the conditions 
which it has created. 

MATERIAL LAWS. 

The conditions which govern the activity of 
force in matter are called material laws. 

When the power of cohesion is considered as 


Of Psychology. 


15 


limiting the activity of power in the individual 
particle, it is called the law of cohesion. 

When the power of gravitation is considered as 
limiting the activity of power in bodies near the 
surface of the earth, it is called the law of gravita¬ 
tion. 

Any force, when considered as limiting the 
activity of other forces, is called a material law. 

SPIRITUAL LAW. 

The only condition to which pure Intelligence is 
subject is the law of attraction, which leads it to 
seek communion with other Intelligence of the 
same order. Hence it is said that love is the law 
of life. 


MORAL LAWS. 

In a community, the activity of each individual 
is limited by the activity of others, and by the 
customs of all. The conditions which govern the 
individual in his relation with others, and those 
imposed upon him by the 'customs of the com¬ 
munity, are called moral laws. 


16 Suggestions for Students 


ARTIFICIAL LAWS. 

Artificial laws are instituted by men for the pur¬ 
pose of securing freedom to all, by limiting the 
freedom of those who would interfere with the 
freedom of others. Only those laws are just which 
operate in this manner. 


i 


I 

/ 


PART II. 


ANALYSIS OF MAN. 






v 



MAN. 


When we examine ourselves and our environ¬ 
ment, we perceive that we are able to produce 
changes in our states of mind, and in the material 
conditions surrounding us. 

By moving an object from one place to another, 
we produce a physical change, which is the result 
of physical power, or force, which we have exerted. 

If we compare the states of the mind before and 
after the act, we find that a change has been pro¬ 
duced in our mental condition. At first, we con¬ 
templated the object in its relation with other 
objects, and were displeased. Then we mentally 
rearranged the objects, according to our taste or 
convenience, and desired to see them so arranged. 
Finally we directed the forces of the body to make 
the change, and when it was effected, the mind be- 
19 


20 Suggestions for Students 


came pleased and satisfied. So we have exerted 
mental power to change our own states of mind. 

We observe also, that after we have produced a 
change in our environment, those who share it with 
us manifest signs of changes in their states of 
mind. From this we infer that the changes pro¬ 
duced by one individual may be the occasions of 
changes in the mental states of other persons. 
This inference is verified by our own experience, 
for we find that the changes produced in our 
environment by others, occasion activities in our 
own minds. Power exerted in such a manner as 
to affect the mental states of other beings is called 
moral power. 

We are conscious that we are the cause of the 
limited physical, mental and moral activities which 
we have exerted, and also that we are related by 
means of these activities with other Intelligence. 
We are, therefore, finite spiritual beings, possessing 
physical, mental and moral power. 

Man is that finite spiritual being who is con¬ 
scious of exerting mental , moral and physical 
power. 


Of Psychology. 


21 


THE SOUL. 

When we say that we are conscious of the ability 
to exert mental, moral and physical power, we 
think also of that in us which directs these powers, 
which must be superior to them. Since it is the 
cause of all his activities, it is the spiritual being 
in man. It is called the Ego or Soul. 

The soul is that spiritual being in man which is 
the cause of his mental, moral and physical 
activities. 

Through all changes of mind, body and environ¬ 
ment, the soul remains unchanged. This persist¬ 
ence of the ego leads to the idea that while the 
mind and body of man, like his environment, 
change and disintegrate, his soul is immortal. 

The substance of the soul is the finest known to 
man, and it is known only through consciousness. 
It is in the highest rate of vibration, and its power 
is most fully organized. This power acts directly 
only through that spiritual substance which 
pervades matter and fills all space. But it acts 
indirectly through the intelligence of the mind and 
the forces of the body. 


22 Suggestions for Students 


The nature of the soul is to exert intelligence 
and force in such a manner as to establish, through 
expression, communion with other souls, and 
through the expansion of its activities a greater 
degree of unity with that Infinite Power of which 
it is a part. The .power of attraction, acting thus, 
in the soul, is called love. It is the original im¬ 
pulse of all action. 

The power of the soul’s love, seeking unity with 
other souls and with the Universal Spirit, causes 
vibrations to radiate in all directions, as from a 
center. These vibrations travel freely through the 
spiritual substance which pervades the environ¬ 
ment, but when the soul is brought into contact 
with material substances, and seeks expression 
through them, its power is limited by the laws 
which govern the forces resident in them. There¬ 
fore, the expression of the soul is limited by ma¬ 
terial laws, although the soul itself is superior to 
them. 

THE MIND. 

We have seen that our only knowledge of ex¬ 
ternal powers is derived from observation of the 
changes which they produce. 


Of Psychology. 23 

We are known only by the changes which we 
produce. 

We establish our relativity with other beings by 
producing changes in the common environment,, 
and observing the changes produced by them. 

That power of the soul which directs the forces 
of the body in producing external phenomena, and 
interprets the presence of such phenomena, is 
called the mind. 

The mind is that 'power of the soul through 
which we realize our relativity with other beings. 

The chart represents the mind as a sphere, en¬ 
closing the soul, and enclosed by the external uni¬ 
verse of matter. 

Through this mental sphere, all knowledge of 
the external universe is brought to the soul. 

Through it, also, the soul is expressed, and 
made manifest through the changes wrought in 
matter by the forces of the body, acting under the 
direction of the intelligence of the mind. 

The substance of the mind is a spiritual sub¬ 
stance in a lower rate of vibration than that of 
the soul. It comes into direct contact with the 
electro-nervous fluid in the body, which is the 


24 Suggestions for Students 


finest material substance. Through this it conveys 
the vibrations communicated to it from the soul, 
and through it receives the impressions transmitted 
from the material world through the senses. 

THE BODY. 

The human body is an organization of material 
substances in which are embodied the forces by 
means of which the love of the soul and the in¬ 
telligence of the mind are expressed. It is a very 
complex construction, including many lesser 
organizations, and containing substances of all 
degrees of density, from the bones, parts of which 
are very compact, to the electro-nervous fluid, 
which is so delicate in its nature that Science has 
been unable to define it, save by proving that it 
obeys the laws of electricity. 

The body is constantly consuming material sub¬ 
stances and organizing the forces resident in them, 
which are used by the mind in producing the 
physical phenomena which express its activities. 

Through the agency of the vital forces resident 
in the electro-nervous fluid, the mind communi¬ 
cates with the forces resident in the grosser sub- 


Of Psychology. 


25 


stances of the body, and directs them. This fluid 
is found in all the nerves and nerve-centers of the 
organism, and is the medium through which vibra¬ 
tions are conveyed from the periphery to the 
centers and from the centers to the periphery. 

The vital organs, which are constantly occupied 
in rebuilding the tissues of the body, and organiz¬ 
ing the forces found in the substances which the 
body consumes, are governed by the vital forces in 
the involuntary nerves. Through these forces, the 
mind maintains its connection with the body. 
They are indirectly influenced by mental condi¬ 
tions, especially by the emotions, but are not con¬ 
trolled by volitions of the mind. 

The nerves which convey vibrations from the 
brain centers to the periphery are called motor 
nerves. Through them the volitions of the mind 
are carried out into expression. 

The nerves which convey vibrations from the 
periphery to the brain are called sensory nerves. 
They carry the vibrations received through the 
various organs of sense to their respective brain 
centers, where they enter the mind as impressions. 
Together with the organs of sense they are called 
the sensorvum. 


26 


Suggestions for Students 


II. 

PSYCHOLOGY. 

We have seen that the expression of the soul 
and its knowledge of the physical environment is 
modified by the condition and habits of its agent, 
the mind, and its instrument, the body. We shall 
now proceed to study those phenomena from which 
we may derive a knowledge of the mind, that we 
may train its powers to express the Perfect Divine 
Being of the soul, and to interpret the true beauty 
and significance of external phenomena. 

Psychology is a knowledge of the powers of the 
mind and the laws of their activities. 

The phenomena from study of which a knowl¬ 
edge of the mind must be derived are of two classes, 
objective and subjective. 

The objective phenomena comprise the physio¬ 
logical changes which accompany mental activities 


Of Psychology. 27 

and the physical expressions of thoughts, emotions 
and volitions. 

The subjective phenomena consist of those states 
of mind of which we are conscious when brought 
into relation with objects or subjects of thought. 
Material phenomena are called objects of thought. 
. When we think of a mental condition, an idea, 
thought, emotion, or volition, it is called a subject 
of thought. 

Objective phenomena are valuable to the student 
of psychology only as they are interpreted in the 
light of a knowledge of the mind, previously de¬ 
rived from a study of subjective phenomena. 

It will thus be seen that a primary knowledge 
of the mind must be derived from study of sub¬ 
jective phenomena. 



































. 

' 










































































■ 









































































































» . 

























* 











PART in. 

STUDY OF SUBJECTIVE MENTAL 
PHENOMENA. 


29 















i 










\ 




OBSERVATION. 


The mental process by which we become con¬ 
scious of physical phenomena is called observation. 

When external phenomena are brought into such 
relation with the individual as to affect the organs 
of sense, vibrations are occasioned in the sensory 
nerves, which are transmitted to the brain, where 
they are received by the mind as impressions. 

IMPRESSION". 

Impressions received through the sense of touch 
arouse in the mind sensations of muscular resist¬ 
ance, from which are derived ideas of the nature 
of the surface and substance of any material ob¬ 
ject brought into contact with the surface of the 
body. 

Impressions received through the sense of sight 
arouse in the mind sensations of light and color, 

31 


32 Suggestions for Students 


from which are derived ideas of the form and color 
of material objects. 

Impressions received through the sense of hear¬ 
ing arouse in the mind sensations of sound, from 
which are derived ideas of tone and articulation. 

Impressions received through the sense of taste 
arouse in the mind sensations of taste, from which 
are derived ideas of the flavors of substances. 

Impressions received through the sense of smell 
arouse in the mind sensations of smell, from which 
are derived, ideas of the odors of substances. 

Impressions received through what is called the 
vital sense arouse in the mind sensations of heat 
and cold, hunger and thirst, weariness and rest, 
comfort and pain, from which are derived ideas of 
bodily conditions. 


SENSATION. 

If the same objects of thought, under the same 
material conditions, be presented to the mind at 
different times, it will be found that the impres¬ 
sions received from them at one time will differ 
from those received at another. 

For instance, if I enter a room, when my mind 


Of Psychology. 


33 


is preoccupied with some foreign subject, the im¬ 
pressions which I receive will be general and vague. 
I may not become conscious of many of the ob¬ 
jects in the room. On a second occasion, when my 
mind is not so preoccupied, I may enter the same 
room, and I shall become conscious of the objects 
before me, their properties and their relation to 
one another. 

On the first occasion, my senses were just as 
active as on the second, and the vibrations were 
conveyed to the mind, which they entered as im¬ 
pressions. But I paid no heed to these impressions, 
so they became inactive, and the sensations which 
they were capable of arousing did not respond to 
them. In the second instance, the mind was free 
to receive these impressions, the sensations were 
aroused, and the ideas formed in the mind. 

An impression of which the mind is conscious is 
called a sensation. 

PRESENTATION. 

The sensations which are aroused by the impres¬ 
sions which enter the mind through the sensorium 
influence the sensitive mind-substance so as to 


34 Suggestions for Students 


form in the mind a presentation or image of the 
object whose presence occasioned the impressions. 

These mental images of external phenomena 
are called ideas. 

The presence of ideas in the mind is called con¬ 
sciousness of the phenomena which they represent. 

LAWS OF OBSERVATION. 

That we may become conscious of external phe¬ 
nomena, it is required: 

1. That they should be brought into such re¬ 
lation with the individual as to influence the 
senses. 

2. That direct attention should be given to the 
impressions received. 


Of Psychology. 


35 


II. 

MEMORY. 

When an idea is presented to the mind, there 
arise in connection with it ideas derived from for¬ 
mer observations, which bear a relation to it. 

The power to reproduce ideas derived from for¬ 
mer observations implies the power to retain ideas 
presented to the mind. 

The power to retain and reproduce ideas is 
called memory. 

CIRCUMSTANTIAL MEMORY. 

When an idea is presented to the mind, we recall 
ideas which have appeared in the mind simultane¬ 
ously with some former presentation of the same 
or a similar idea. 

For instance, whenever the idea of an apple- 
tree is presented to my mind, I recall ideas of the 


36 


Suggestions for Students 


garden in which stood the first apple-tree to which 
I ever gave attention. 

Such ideas are said to bear a circumstantial rela¬ 
tion to the present idea. 

The power to recall ideas which bear a circum¬ 
stantial relation to the present idea is called 
cumstantial memory. 

PHILOSOPHICAL MEMORY. 

When an idea is presented to the mind, we re¬ 
call ideas which relate to its causes and possible 
effects. 

For instance, when the idea of an apple-tree is 
presented to my mind, I recall ideas of the seed, the 
sunshine, the substances and forces, the labor and 
intelligence, which have combined to produce the 
tree in its present condition. I recall also ideas of 
the effects of which it may be the cause, the leaves, 
the blossoms, the fruit, the seed, which it will pro¬ 
duce, and the ideas and emotions which these will 
arouse in the minds of human beings. 

Such ideas are said to bear a 'philosophical rela¬ 
tion to the present idea. 

The power to recall ideas which bear a philo- 


Of Psychology. 


37 


sophical relation to the present idea is called philo¬ 
sophical memory. 

LAWS OF MEMORY. 

The more clearly and forcibly ideas are pre¬ 
sented to the mind, the more easily will they be 
remembered. 

The more frequently ideas are presented to the 
mind, the more easily will they be remembered. 

The more immediate and important the rela¬ 
tion which they bear to ideas already established 
in the mind, the more easily will ideas be retained. 

The more immediate and important the relation 
which they bear to the present idea, the more easil) 
will ideas be recalled. 


38 Suggestions for Students 


ill. 

IMAGINATION. 

When we combine the idea of an object of 
thought having certain properties with the idea of 
an object of thought having certain other proper¬ 
ties, we create in the mind an idea of an object hav¬ 
ing all the properties of both original objects. 

The power to create an idea of an object whose 
properties are different from those of any object 
ever observed, is called imagination. 

All the ideas employed hy imagination in creat¬ 
ing new ideas have been at some time derived from 
observation. 

INFORMATION. 

When a description is presented to the mind, the 
ideas represented by the symbols used in language 
are aroused and combined by imagination in that 
relation with one another which the description 


Of Psychology. 39 

suggests. This product of imagination is called 
information. 

Information differs from knowledge in that it is 
the product of imagination, while knowledge is 
the product of reason. 

All the ideas represented in a description must 
be already familiar to the mind, in order that in¬ 
formation may be derived therefrom. 

DREAMS. 

When a number of ideas, recalled by memory or 
created by imagination, are presented to the mind, 
without reference to the natural relation between 
them, the product is called a dream. 

During sleep, or when the mind is in an other¬ 
wise passive condition, dreams are apt to occur. 
That modification of the power of imagination 
which produces dreams is called fancy. 

IDEALS. 

When we think of persons whom we admire, we 
are inclined to form in the mind an image of our¬ 
selves as performing the acts and possessing the 


40 Suggestions for Students 


qualities which make them admirable to us. Such 
a combination of ideas is called an ideal. 

INVENTION - . 

When the activity of imagination is guided by 
reason to combine different kinds of knowledge, in 
order to produce new knowledge, to be applied in 
making useful combinations of natural forces and 
substances, it is called invention. 

ART. 

When the activity of imagination is guided by 
reason to produce such combinations of ideas, as 
will, if expressed in form, motion, or sound, appeal 
to the artistic sensibility, it is called poetic imagi¬ 
nation, and its use of the powers of expression is 
called art. 

LAWS OF IMAGINATION. 

The activity of imagination requires: 

1. Well-trained observing powers. 

2. Well-developed memory. 

3. Careful study of descriptions. 

4. Well-trained artistic sensibility. 


Of Psychology. 


41 


IV. 

INTUITION’. 

Ideas which are derived from observation are 
called objective ideas. 

Whenever an objective idea is presented to the 
mind, we are conscious of the presence of ideas not 
derived from observation. 

For instance, whenever the idea of a form is pre¬ 
sented to the mind, we are conscious of the idea of 
space, which is not derived from observation, but 
seems to be inherent in the mind. 

Whenever the idea of a change is presented to 
the mind, we are conscious of ideas of power and 
of time. 

Ideas of space, power, and time, are called in¬ 
tuitive ideas. 

Intuitive ideas are those which are inherent in 
the mind, and appear simultaneously with the ob¬ 
jective ideas which are adapted to occasion them. 


42 Suggestions for Students 


The following are the principal intuitive ideas, 
with the objective ideas adapted to occasion them. 


INTUITIVE IDEAS. OCCASIONS. 


Life 

Power 

Existence 

Space 

Time 

Cause and Effect 
Whole and Parts 
Number 
Value 

Resemblance 

Difference 

Beauty 

Good and Evil 
Right and Wrong 


Motion. 

Change. 

Phenomena. 

Eorm. 

Change. 

Phenomena. 

Divisibility of Objects. 
Objects. 

Desirability of objects. 
Objects having similar prop¬ 
erties. 

Objects having different 
properties. 

Objects of pleasure. 

Objects of pleasure and pain. 
Moral acts. 


SUBJECTIVE IDEAS. 

Ideas which present as subjects of thought the 
mental states aroused by the presentation of ob¬ 
jective ideas are called subjective ideas. 

The intuitive idea of Personal Identity appears 
in the mind simultaneously with every subjective 
idea. 


Of Psychology. 


43 


V. 

INTELLECT. 

When two or more ideas are present in the mind 
at the same time, we know that their objects bear 
a relation to one another, and that the relation be¬ 
tween the objects is the same as that which exists 
between the ideas. 

In order to discover what that relation is, we 
compare the ideas with one another. This is called 
thinking. 

That power of the mind which thinks is called 
intellect. 

THOUGHT. 

The product of this comparison of ideas is a 
complex idea, or thought, representing the objects 
of the ideas as bearing a certain relation to one 
another. 


44 Suggestions for Students 


TROTH. 

A thought which presents ideas as bearing that 
relation to each other which exists between their 
objects, is called a truth . 

KNOWLEDGE. 

Consciousness of truth is called knowledge . 

The basis of all knowledge is the primary truths 
which are derived from the simultaneous appear¬ 
ance in the mind of ideas derived from observa¬ 
tion and those presented by intuition. 

For instance, if the idea of a form is presented to 
the mind, the intuitive idea of space is presented si¬ 
multaneously, and we know that the form occu¬ 
pies space. This is a self-evident, or primary truth. 

A necessary truth is one of the denial of which in¬ 
volves an absurdity: i. e., affirms something of an 
object or subject of thought which annihilates it. 
For instance, the thought that a whole is equal to 
the sum of all its parts is a necessary truth, be¬ 
cause to think that a whole is greater or less than 
the sum of its parts is to annihilate the idea of the 
whole. 


Of Psychology. 


45 


A physical truth, or fact, is one which is derived 
from observation, the testimony of the several 
senses in regard to its objects being carefully com¬ 
pared and repeated observations compared with one 
another. 

A probable truth is one derived from comparison 
of truths already established. For instance, I 
know that to smile expresses pleasure. If I see 
a person smile, my conclusion that he feels pleasure 
is a probable truth. 


46 Suggestions for Students 


VI. 

KEASON. 

That mental process by which we derive new 
truth from truths already established is called rea¬ 
soning. 

Reasoning consists in deriving a new truth from 
the comparison of two truths already established. 

ELEMENTARY REASONING. 

When an idea is presented to the mind, it is con¬ 
templated, first as a whole, and then as consisting 
of parts, which the mind proceeds to separate 
from one another. This mental process is called 
analysis. 

The idea of an apple may be divided into several 
parts, viz.: 

Ideas of its form, weight, hardness, smoothness, 
etc., derived from the sense of touch. 


Of Psychology. 47 

Ideas of its form and color, derived from the 
sense of sight. 

Ideas of its odor, derived from the sense of 
smell. 

Ideas of its flavor, derived from the sense of 
taste. 

Ideas of its parts and their construction, de¬ 
rived from analysis of the object. 

Form, weight, hardness, smoothness, color, fla¬ 
vor, odor, divisibility, etc., are properties of the ob¬ 
ject called an apple. 

The idea of the object as possessing these proper¬ 
ties is called a concrete idea. 

The ideas of the properties as apart from the 
object are called abstract ideas. 

We now proceed to examine each of these prop¬ 
erties, by comparing it with the abstract ideas of 
like properties, which we have derived from the 
analysis of ideas of other objects. 

For instance, by comparing our ideas of the form 
of the apple with our abstract ideas of form, we 
find that it most resembles the form called a 
sphere, and conclude that the form of the apple 
is spherical. 


48 


Suggestions for Students 


In this manner the qualities of the properties of 
an object are defined, and knowledge concerning 
them obtained. 

The mind next restores each property to its 
proper relation with others and with the whole ob¬ 
ject. The result is a concrete idea of an object 
possessing the properties which analysis dis¬ 
covered, qualified according to their agreement or 
disagreement with our abstract ideas of similar 
properties. 

The combination of abstract ideas into a con¬ 
crete idea is called synthesis. 

From analysis and synthesis, we derive knowl¬ 
edge of objects and their properties. This is 
called elementary knowledge, and the mental pro¬ 
cess by which it is attained is called elementary 
reasoning. 

SCIENTIFIC REASONING. 

When we have attained knowledge concerning 
a number of individual objects, and discover that 
among them are several which possess similar 
properties, we group our ideas of these objects 
together, and form a class. In this way, we classi¬ 
fy our ideas. Each new idea, as soon as it has 


Of Psychology. 


49 


been analyzed and defined is placed in the group 
to which it belongs. 

The mental process by which ideas are classi¬ 
fied is called generalization. 

There may be included in one group several ob¬ 
jects which possess all the properties common to 
the class and some in which they differ from other 
members of the class. These objects form a sub¬ 
ordinate group within the first. 

Knowledge of classes as including objects having 
similar properties, and of objects as belonging to 
classes, is called scientific knowledge. 

The mental process by which scientific knowl¬ 
edge is obtained, including analysis, synthesis, 
and generalization, is called scientific reasoning. 

PHILOSOPHICAL REASONING. 

Whenever phenomena of any kind are presented 
to the mind, intuition presents simultaneously the 
idea of cause and effect, and we realize the primary 
truth that these phenomena are the effects of 
causes, and will be the causes of effects. 

Immediately the mind begins to seek for the 
causes of these effects and to calculate the effects 
of these causes. 


50 Suggestions for Students 

Anything which is necessary for the production 
of an effect is considered to be a 'cause of that 
effect. The causes of any effect may be classified 
as follows: 

Efficient cause, the being which produces the 
effect. 

Immediate cause, the power which that being 
exerts to produce it. 

Substantial cause, the substance used to produce 
it. 

Formal cause, the laws which govern its pro¬ 
duction. 

Final cause, the occasion of its production. 

First cause, the Infinite Power which acts 
through all finite power as agents. 

PHILOSOPHICAL GENERALIZATION. 

When we have observed that in several in¬ 
stances, a certain cause has produced a certain 
effect, we conclude that such a cause will always 
produce such an effect, and that such an effect is 
always produced by such a cause. This is called 
philosophical generalization. 


Of Psychology. 


51 


HYPOTHESIS. 

For the purpose of determining whether a 
certain power or condition is a cause of a certain 
effect, we assume that it is. We then calculate, 
from our previous knowledge of causes and effects, 
what the effect of such a cause would be. If our 
conclusions agree with the effect which we have ob¬ 
served, we conclude that the supposed cause is the 
actual cause. 

The assumption that a certain power or condi¬ 
tion is a cause of a certain effect, made for the 
purpose of discovering whether it is an actual 
cause, is called hypothesis. 

Knowledge of effects as related to their causes, 
and of causes as related to their effects, is called 
philosophical knowledge. 

The method of reasoning employed to attain 
such knowledge is called philosophical reasoning. 

INDUCTIVE REASONING. 

Reasoning which proceeds from knowledge of 
individuals to knowledge of classes, or from knowl¬ 
edge of effects to knowledge of causes, is called 
inductive reasoning. 


52 Suggestions for Students 


DEDUCTIVE REASONING. 

Reasoning which proceeds from knowledge of 
classes to knowledge of individuals, or from knowl¬ 
edge of causes to knowledge of effects, is called de¬ 
ductive reasoning. 


Of Psychology. 


53 


VII. 

SENSIBILITY. 

When an idea is presented to the mind, and com¬ 
pares favorably with ideas already established, we 
become conscious of a state of mind called a feeling 
of pleasure. If it cannot be favorably compared 
with ideas already established, we become con¬ 
scious of a feeling of pain. 

Feeling is consciousness of the harmony or dis¬ 
cord produced in the mind by the presentation of 
an idea. 

That power of the mind which feels is called 
sensibility. 

MORAL SENSIBILITY. 

Any act which affects the welfare of other be¬ 
ings is called a moral act. 

The idea of a moral act occasions in the mind 
the intuitive idea of right and wrong. 


54 Suggestions for Students 


Moral acts which contribute to the welfare of 
other beings are classified as right. 

Moral acts which interfere with the welfare of 
other beings are classified as wrong. 

The thought that an act is right occasions a 
feeling of pleasure. 

The thought that an act is wrong occasions a 
feeling of pain. 

That power of the mind which feels pleasure 
and pain in regard to moral acts is called moral 
sensibility. 

INTELLECTUAL SENSIBILITY. 

When an idea is presented to the mind, there fol¬ 
lows a feeling of uneasiness until its relation with 
other ideas has been established, and knowledge 
concerning its object so attained. When the rea¬ 
soning power has arrived at a knowledge of the 
truth, or what is conceived to he the truth, con¬ 
cerning it, a feeling of satisfaction arises in the 
mind. 

When a thought is presented to the mind, which 
agrees with our conception of truth, it is classi¬ 
fied as a truth, and the mind accepts it with a 


Of Psychology. 


55 


feeling of pleasure. A thought which does not 
agree with our conception of truth is classified 
as an error, and is the occasion of a feeling of 
pain which leads us to reject it. 

That power of the mind which feels pleasure and 
pain in regard to knowledge and ignorance, truth 
and error, is called intellectual sensibility. 

PHYSICAL SENSIBILITY. 

When we become conscious of physical con¬ 
ditions Which menace the welfare of the body, we 
experience feelings of pain, which are conceived 
by the mind to be located in that part of the body 
where the discordant conditions exist. On the 
other hand, when we become conscious of bodily 
conditions which contribute to the welfare of the 
body, or to the delight of the senses, we experience 
feelings of pleasure, which are likewise conceived 
to be located in that part of the body where the 
occasion of these feelings exists. 

That power of the mind which feels pleasure and 
pain in regard to physical conditions in called 
physical sensibility. 


56 Suggestions for Students 


ARTISTIC SENSIBILITY. 

Those phenomena which occasion in the mind 
the intuitive idea of beauty are classified as beau¬ 
tiful. 

Different minds, in different stages of develop¬ 
ment, require different kind of phenomena to oc¬ 
casion the idea of beauty. To a mind in which 
ideas of physical conditions predominate, those 
phenomena, are beautiful which occasion physical 
pleasure. To a mind occupied with moral prob¬ 
lems, only those phenomena are beautiful which 
are associated with right moral acts. To a scien¬ 
tific mind, those phenomena are beautiful which 
contribute to its sum of knowledge. 

Any mind conceives those phenomena to he beau¬ 
tiful which occasion it most pleasure. To the 
lover of Nature anything is beautiful which is in 
harmony with the order of Nature. This love of 
the natural is probably the foundation of the stand¬ 
ard of beauty in the majority of thinking minds. 
Added to this is the love of soul for soul, which 
leads us to consider the work of man beautiful, in 
proportion as it is in harmony with Nature, and 


Of Psychology. 57 

expresses his soul and his desire for the welfare 
of other beings. 

When we think of any object or subject of 
thought as beautiful, we experience a feeling of 
pleasure. When it does not agree with our stand¬ 
ard of beauty, we experience a feeling of pain. 

That power of the mind which feels pleasure 
and pain in regard to beauty or lack of beauty in 
phenomena, is called artistic sensibility. 

EMOTIONS. 

Any object or subject of thought which oc¬ 
casions a feeling of pleasure, physical, mental, 
moral, or artistic, is classified as good. 

Any object or subject of thought which oc¬ 
casions a feeling of pain is classified as evil. 

The mind is attracted toward that which it con¬ 
ceives to be good, and repelled by that which it 
considers evil. 

The attraction of the mind for good, and its re¬ 
action from evil , are called emotions. 

The attractions of the mind for good may be 
called positive emotions, and its reactions from evil 
negative emotions. 


58 


Suggestions for Students 


Love, joy, faith, hope, peace, courage, pride, 
charity, are positive emotions. 

Hatred, anger, fear, jealousy, envy, sorrow, de¬ 
spair, shame, are negative emotions. 

AFFECTIONS. 

When a certain idea, being repeatedly presented 
to the mind, always occasions feelings of pleasure, 
there is established in sensibility an inclination to 
feel positive emotions toward the object of that 
idea. Such an inclination is called a benevolent 
affection, and its opposite, occasioned by the re¬ 
peated appearance of an idea which occasions nega¬ 
tive emotions, is called a malevolent affection. 


Of Psychology. 


59 


VIII. 


WILL. 


Whenever the presentation of an idea occasions 
a feeling of pleasure, the mind directs the forces 
of the body to produce such changes in the con¬ 
dition of matter as will bring the individual into 
more favorable relation with the object of the idea. 
When an idea occasions feelings of pain, the mind 
directs the vital forces to produce such changes as 
will tend to remove or destroy the object of the 
idea. 

That activity of the mind which determines in 
what manner the vital forces shall act is called 
choosing. 

That power of the mind which chooses is called 
will. 

The choice involved in any act is called a 
volition. 


60 


Suggestions for Students 


INDIVIDUALITY. 

The idea of a strong will is usually associated 
with the idea of a powerful individuality. A 
strong will is the power of deliberate choosing. 
Some persons imagine that they exert the power of 
a strong will when they exhibit the trait of charac¬ 
ter termed obstinacy. This is the determination 
to follow a certain course of action regardless of 
reason or feeling. This is a sign of a very super¬ 
ficial mind, for in great individualities, the power 
of the will is guided by reason and sensibility, and 
held subservient to the love of the soul, which 
seeks the welfare of all, rather than its own. The 
greatest individual is the one whose volitions 
are governed by the broadest knowledge, and the 
deepest feeling. Such an individual does not need 
to enforce his will. It is the delight of others to 
obey him, for they know that he desires the wel¬ 
fare of all, and that he can give them ample rea¬ 
son for every step he advocates. 


Of Psychology. 


61 


ACTION. 

The changes 'produced in ihe condition of matter 
by the forces of the body under the direction of 
the mind, are called actions . 

All action is the direct expression of volition, 
volition of emotion, emotion of thought. Though + 
is the comparison of ideas. The ideas comparec 
are derived from observation, reproduced by mem¬ 
ory or created by imagination. These ideas are 
derived originally from sensations, which are 
aroused by the impressions which enter the mind 
through the sensorium. 

This outlines the history of every action. To 
fix it more definitely in the mind, refer to the 
chart. Imagine the vibrations active in matter, 
E. E. E. E. being communicated to the sensorium, 
d. Entering the sphere c , they are called impres¬ 
sions. Passing into b, they become sensations, and 
in a, they are formed into ideas. This illustrates 
the order of impression. 

The sphere a represents intellect. Here the idea 
is compared with other ideas, and classified. The 
sphere b represents sensibility, where the result of 


62 Suggestions for Students 


the comparison is felt. The sphere c represents 
will, directly in touch with the vital forces in 
the body, represented by the sphere d. Will, in¬ 
fluenced by sensibility, directs the vital forces to 
produce the material conditions ‘which express 
mental states. This illustrates the order of ex¬ 
pression. 


PART IV. 

STUDY OF OBJECTIVE MENTAL 
PHENOMENA. 


63 


/ 


STUDY OF OBJECTIVE MENTAL PHE¬ 
NOMENA. 


Having derived from the study of subjective 
phenomena a knowledge of the mind itself, let 
us turn to the consideration of those objective 
phenomena, by means of which mental activities 
are expressed. 

Our only means of knowing other minds is 
to study the objective phenomena which they pro¬ 
duce, in the light of a knowledge of the mind al¬ 
ready acquired through study of the subjective 
phenomena of our own minds. 

We have divided objective mental phenomena 
into two classes, viz., the physiological changes 
which accompany mental activities and the expres¬ 
sions of thoughts, emotions and volitions. 

65 


66 


Suggestions for Students 


PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA. 

We have observed that the mind acts through, 
the agency of the forces resident in the electro- 
nervous fluid in the body. It has been proved 
that certain physical conditions accompany cer¬ 
tain mental states. For instance, positive emotions 
are always accompanied by an increase in the sup¬ 
ply of the electro-nervous fluid, and greater activ¬ 
ity of the vital forces. Negative emotions tend 
to disturb the electro-nervous fluid, and to inter¬ 
fere with the activity of the vital forces. Further¬ 
more, the comparative development of different 
mental powers is indicated by the development 
and formation of the physical organs through 
which they act. This is particularly noticeable 
in thfe formation of the head, which indicates the 
development of the different brain centers; in the 
formation of the features, through which thought 
and emotion are so largely expressed: and in the 
formation of the hand, through which most of 
the volitions are carried out. 

A knowledge of the brain and nerves as the 
agents of the mind is termed neurology. 


Of Psychology. 


67 


A knowledge of the formation of the head as ex¬ 
pressing mental inclinations is called phrenology. 

A knowledge of the formation of the features as 
expressing mental inclinations is called physiog¬ 
nomy. 

A knowledge of the formation of the hand as 
expressing mental inclinations is called cheiroso- 
phy. 

Each of these departments of knowledge is a 
science in itself. It will be seen that none of 
them deal with the mind itself, but only with its 
agents and instruments. Such knowledge is an 
important adjunct to psychology, but it is entirely 
subordinate, and must be understood in the light 
of a knowledge of the mind derived from self- 
study. 


68 Suggestions for Students 


II. 


HEALTH AND DISEASE. 

When the nerve centers are well-stored with 
the electro-nervous fluid, and it circulates freely 
throughout the entire organism, the vital forces 
direct in a normal manner the organic functions of 
the body, and serve the mind freely in the ex¬ 
pression of its thoughts, emotions, and volitions. 
This is the natural condition of the body and is 
called a state of health . 

When the free circulation of the electro-nervous 
fluid is impeded, and the vital forces thrown out 
of equilibrium, the normal activity of the vital 
organs is suspended, and the forces of the body 
no longer serve the intelligence of the mind. Then 
the body is said to be in a state of disease. 


Of Psychology. 


THE LAWS OP HEALTH. 

The requirements for health are as follows: 

1. That the body must be supplied with suffi¬ 
cient and suitable nourishment. The material 
substances which it consumes are used to rebuild 
wasted tissues, or transmuted into the compara¬ 
tively spiritual substance, through which the mind 
acts in the body and maintains its connection 
therewith. 

2. The body must be protected from extremes 
of temperature, and all physical conditions which 
would be likely to interfere with the activity of 
the vital forces. 

3. A perfect balance must be maintained be¬ 
tween the supply and expenditure of vital forces, 
by observation of the law of rhythm, alternate ac¬ 
tion and rest. 

4. The mind must be trained to entertain only 
such thoughts as may be the occasions of positive 
emotions and benevolent affections. These mental 
states, as we have seen, are conducive to increased 
supply and free circulation of the electro-nervous 
fluid, and natural, vigorous activity of the vital 
forces. 


70 Suggestions for Students 


THE CAUSE OF DISEASE. 

The immediate cause of disease is always a dis¬ 
turbance of the vital forces. 

Any violation of the laws of health may be the 
occasion of disease, viz.: 

1. Lack of sufficient and suitable nourishment. 

2. Exposure to extremes of temperature and 
unsanitary conditions. 

3. Lack of balance between supply and expen¬ 
diture of vital forces. Overwork, or ladk of proper 
exercise. 

4. Malevolent mental conditions. 

All diseases take their name and nature from 
that part of the body which they happen to attack. 
If the vital forces are thrown out of equilibrium, 
the confusion which arises occasions in the mind a 
consciousness of pain, which is conceived to be lo¬ 
cated in that part of the body where the con¬ 
fusion exists, although it is purely a mental state. 
In this manner we are made aware that there is 
some disturbance in the body which demands our 
attention. If we do not heed the warning, conges¬ 
tion of tissues and suspension of organic func- 


Of Psychology. 


71 


tions is likely to ensue. If the heart is affected by 
this disturbance, we call the condition heart dis¬ 
ease. If the lungs are affected, we call it lung 
trouble. If the liver is affected, we call it liver 
complaint. Each of these diseases has its scien¬ 
tific name, and is different from the others as the 
organ is different. But the cause of all is the same, 
viz., a disturbance of the vital forces. 

From the foregoing, it will be seen that either 
mental or 'physical conditions may be the occasion 
of disease. Undue attention is usually given to 
the physical occasions, while malevolent mental 
states are allowed to continue to adversely in¬ 
fluence bodily conditions. It is of great impor¬ 
tance that we should understand the power of 
positive emotions and benevolent affections to 
maintain health, and that of negative emotions 
and malevolent affections to occasion disease. 

THE PRINCIPLES OF HEALING. 

The vital forces having been thrown out of 
balance , the restoration of their normal equilib¬ 
rium is called healing . 


72 Suggestions for Students 


Experiment has proved that certain material 
substances have properties which cause them to so 
influence the substance of the body as to remove 
impediments to the free circulation of the electro- 
nervous fluid, or to directly influence the electro- 
nervous fluid itself, stimulating the vital forces, 
and so enabling them to overcome the conditions 
which interfere with their activity. Upon this 
principle is founded medical science. 

We have seen that positive emotions and benevo¬ 
lent affections, and the thoughts which occasion 
them, have the power to stimulate the vital forces, 
and to increase the supply of the electro-nervous 
fluid, so that the conditions which interfere with 
their free circulation and normal activity may be 
dissolved. Upon this principle is founded all sys¬ 
tems of mental and spiritual healing. 

Health is the natural condition of the body, and 
it is the nature of the electro-nervous fluid to cir¬ 
culate freely and of the vital forces to act nor¬ 
mally, if the laws of health are observed. They 
will always strive to overcome any impediment, 
and to react from any condition of confusion to 
their natural harmony. All that medical or 


Of Psychology. 


73 


mental therapeutics can do is to aid this inherent 
healing power in its work. In all cases, it is this 
law of Nature which heals, and, as we have seen, 
the occasion of its activity may he either mental or 
'physical. 


74 Suggestions for Students 


III. 

EXPRESSION OF THOUGHT. 

Thought is expressed by means of a system of 
symbols, used singly to represent simple ideas, and 
combined to represent complex ideas, or thoughts. 

The use of these symbols to express ideas and 
thoughts is called language. 

A symbol which represents a simple idea is called 
a word. 

A combination of words, used to represent a 
complex idea, or thought, is called a sentence. 

Language is primarily oral. A word consists of 
a combination of sounds used as the symbol of a 
certain idea. 

Man has invented a system of visible symbols 
which represent the different sounds used in the 
construction of words. These visible symbols are 
called letters. 

A written word is a combination of letters, rep- 


Of Psychology. 


75 


resenting, in the order of their pronunciation, the 
sounds used in the construction of the spoken word. 

Thus, by means of oral and written language, we 
communicate our thoughts to other minds, and 
preserve them in objective form. 

■MANUAL LANGUAGE. 

For the use of those who have been deprived 
of the sense of hearing, and so cannot communi¬ 
cate with others by means of oral language, a 
system of manual symbols has been devised. 

In this system, each letter of the alphebet is 
represented by a position of the hand. Ideas and 
thoughts are thus expressed by combining these 
positions of the hand. This method of communi¬ 
cation is called manual language. 

Next to the voice the hand is the most perfect 
agent of expression, and all persons naturally em¬ 
ploy its positions and movements to express their 
thoughts to a greater or less degree. 


76 Suggestions for Students 


IV. 

EXPRESSION OF EMOTION. 

Emotions are expressed by the attitude and 
movements of the entire body, by the movements 
of the facial muscles, and by modulations of the 
voice in speaking. 

Vital attitude and upward movements express 
positive emotions. 

Drooping attitude and downward movements 
express negative emotions. 

Slow, graceful movements indicate ease and dig¬ 
nity, and an inclination toward positive emotions. 

Rapid, angular movements indicate excitement, 
and an inclination toward negative emotions. 

Relaxation and upward movement of the facial 
muscles express positive emotions. 

Contraction and downward movement of the 
facial muscles express negative emotions. 


Of Psychology. 


77 


Rising inflection of the voice in speaking, ex¬ 
presses positive emotions. 

Falling inflection of the voice in speaking ex¬ 
presses negative emotions. 

Slow speech, and gradual changes in tone denote 
ease and dignity, and an inclination toward posi¬ 
tive emotions. 

Rapid speech and quick changes in tone denote 
excitement, and an inclination toward negative 
emotions. 


78 Suggestions for Students 


V. 

EXPRESSION OF VOLITIONS. 

Volitions are expressed in actions, i. e., in the 
changes which the individual produces in the en¬ 
vironment and his relation to it. 

Actions are the final expressions of all mental 
states. There can be no action without choice, no 
choice without feeling, no feeling without think¬ 
ing. Hence, the thoughts, emotions, and volitions 
of the mind are all expressed in actions, although 
emotions are more directly expressed in the move¬ 
ments of the body and modulations of the voice, 
and thoughts in language. 

INTERPRETATION OF EXPRESSION. 

Having considered ourselves as beings possessing 
the powers called intellect, sensibility, and will, 
and as producing the phenomena which express 


79 


Of Psychology. 

the activity of these powers, we infer, when we 
observe in our environment phenomena similar 
to those which we produce, that they are caused 
by similar beings, possessing similar powers. 

When we behold a mass of substance like our 
own bodies, animated by an active power, we in¬ 
fer that power to be like that which animates our 
own bodies. Hence we call it a human being. 

When a being produces oral or written symbols, 
we infer that they express ideas and thoughts, and 
that therefore the being possesses intellect. 

When a being causes its body to move in the 
manner which we ourselves employ to express our 
emotions, and we notice modulations in the vocal 
sounds it produces, we infer that these movements 
and modulations express emotions, and that there¬ 
fore the being possesses sensibility. 

When a being produces changes in its environ¬ 
ment and its relation to it, we infer that these 
changes express volitions and that therefore the 
being possesses will. 

When a being expresses the activity of intellect, 
sensibility and will , we consider it to be like our - 


80 Suggestions for Students 


selves, a spiritual being, or soul, possessing these 
mental powers. 

All that we can know of other beings is to be 
derived from observations of their speech, presence 
and actions, considered in the light of a knowledge 
of the soul and mind, derived from self-study. 

For instance, we observe that a child runs after 
a man, and gives him a rose. 

We know that the act is an expression of a voli¬ 
tion. The child chose to give the rose to the man 
and directed the forces of his body to transfer 
the object from his own to the man’s hand. 

This choice was occasioned by some emotion 
or affection. Knowing that to part with a beau¬ 
tiful thing and bestow it upon another is the ex¬ 
pression of a benevolent affection, we conclude 
that the child feels such an affection toward the 
man. 

The feeling must have been the result of 
thought. The child must have compared his idea 
of this man with his ideas of others favorably, 
or he would not feel sufficient affection for this 
man to give him the rose, rather than another. 
Also, he must have exercised the power of imagi- 


Of Psychology. 


81 


nation, to combine the ideas of the man and the 
rose, and found the combination of those ideas 
pleasant, so that he caused the forces of his body 
to produce the change which he had imagined. 

In this way, judging the actions of others by 
our knowledge of the mental activities which lead 
us to perform similar acts, we are enabled to un¬ 
derstand them. 





















« 








* 

















































PART V. 


THE MORAL NATURE. 


83 


i 


0 


THE MORAL NATURE. 


When we tlimh of ourselves as 'producing 
changes which affect the welfare of other beings, 
we experience moral consciousness. 

The first requisite of moral consciousness is 
recognition of the existence of other beings. The 
second is respect for their rights, which are such 
of the conditions which they desire as will not in¬ 
terfere with the welfare of other beings. 

In a young child, the moral consciousness is not 
as yet developed, the consciousness of his own ex¬ 
istence still taking great precedence over his con¬ 
sciousness of the existence of other beings. His 
own desires are supreme. He has not yet become 
conscious of his power to affect the welfare of 
others, and so feels little respect for their desires. 
At this stage of development, he would be likely 
85 


86 Suggestions for Students 


to interfere with many of the rights of others, if 
he were not restrained by the law of obedience. 
Later, by judicious training, his volitions may be 
made amenable to the law of reason, and to the 
moral law, “Allow for others the same conditions 
which you desire for yourself.” 

RIGHTS OF MORAL BEINGS. 

The following are some of the'rights of a moral 
being: 

Life; opportunity to maintain his instrument of 
expression. 

Expression; opportunity to manifest his 
thoughts, emotions and volitions, except when such 
expression interferes with the welfare of others. 

Freedom; opportunity to act according to his 
own will, except when his activities interfere with 
the welfare of others. 

Happiness; the satisfaction of specific desires, 
when their satisfaction does not interfere with the 
welfare of others. 

Justice; equal opportunity with others in the 
pursuit of life, expression, freedom and happiness. 


Of Psychology. 


87 


and equal treatment with others when his rights 
seem to conflict with theirs. 

THE SENSE OF DUTY. 

Respect for the rights of others leads ns to feel 
pleasure in performing acts which contribute to 
their welfare and to condemn ourselves when we 
interfere with it. 

That activity of moral sensibility which leads 
us to perform right moral acts is called the sense 
of duty. 

In any situation, it is our duty to act in such a 
manner as We think will contribute most to the 
welfare of other beings. 

In order to determine what our duty in any situ¬ 
ation may be, we are obliged to imagine ourselves 
in the positions occupied by those beings whose 
welfare will be affected by our actions. We then 
determine what our own desires would be under 
those conditions. The sense of duty then leads us 
to perform such acts as we think will contribute 
most to the welfare of all concerned. 

The moral problems which confront us are 


88 Suggestions for Students 


many and varied. In each situation, new ele¬ 
ments are involved. But certain principles are 
established in the moral consciousness which may 
be formulated as follows: 

1. The desire for life, expression, freedom, and 
happiness, is universal. Therefore it is our duty 
to exert our power in such a manner as will con¬ 
tribute most to the conditions which will satisfy 
these desires, for all. 

2. In our personal relationships with human 
beings, we expect each other to fulfill the agree¬ 
ments involved in these relationships. It is there¬ 
fore our duty, in any personal relationship, to 
fulfill the agreement made in entering or main¬ 
taining it. 

The perplexing moral problems which often 
confront us arise from the fact that we have made 
conflicting agreements. We drift into many re¬ 
lationships without realizing what obligations are 
involved in them. 

It is our duty, then, to study every relationship 
into which we enter that we may understand its 
nature, and make only such agreements as will 
harmonize with our ideals and present obligations. 


Of Psychology. 


89 


II. 

CHARACTER. 

The way in which a person is inclined to act 
toward his fellow-beings is called character. 

We have said that the soul is a radiant center 
of love whose nature is to seek unity with all 
spirit. In the chart, the center A represents the 
soul-con seiousness, in which we realize unity with 
the Universal Spirit, and are superior to all sense 
of limitation. The sphere B represents self-con¬ 
sciousness, in which we realize our individuality 
and the need of expression. The sphere C repre¬ 
sents the moral consciousness, in which we recog¬ 
nize the existence and respect the rights of other 
beings. The sphere a , b, c, represents the mind, 
through which the soul expresses its power, and 
receives knowledge of the external universe. The 
habits of the mind, as we have seen, modify both 


90 Suggestions for Students 


the expression of the soul’s love and its conscious¬ 
ness of the external universe. 

The perfect character is the one in which the 
moral consciousness is dominated by the soul, and 
expresses its universal love. This state of being 
is possible only when the habits of the mind are 
such as to allow the soul’s love to flow through it 
in all directions. With many individuals, the 
mind is like a shell, preventing or greatly modif y¬ 
ing the expression of the soul. This shell of men¬ 
tal habit allows the soul to be expressed in some di¬ 
rections, but not in others, so that a balanced, all¬ 
round character is hard to find. 

Balance of character is the foundation of a 
noble and useful life. When all the powers of 
the mind are well-developed and obedient to the 
soul, every object of thought becomes the occasion 
of thoughts, feelings, and actions which express 
the soul’s love, and contribute to the welfare of 
others. 

DEPTH OF CHARACTER. 

With reference to the depth of character which 
they manifest, persons may be classified as super¬ 
ficial, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual. 


Of Psychology. 


91 


Referring to the chart, let x represent an ob¬ 
ject of thought. The lines cx, lx, ax, and Cx, 
represent respectively the course of the lines of 
impression and expression in these four types of 
character. 


SUPERFICIAL. 

The superficial type of character is entirely en¬ 
slaved by external powers and conditions. Its 
opinions are dictated by other minds. Its actions 
are governed by circumstances. Its scope of con¬ 
sciousness is very narrow, for most of the impres¬ 
sions which enter such a mind are never recog¬ 
nized. The few which are received occasion no 
original ideas, and are acted upon in accordance 
with the habits imposed by external powers and 
conditions. The intellectual development of this 
type is very deficient, and only physical sensibil¬ 
ity is found to be active. So the majority of the 
impressions it receives penetrate no nearer to the 
soul than the line cx to the center A and the soul 
is thus shut away from the environment by false 
mental habits. 


92 Suggestions for Students 


EMOTIONAL. 

The emotional type of character is a little 
deeper than the superficial. It is inclined to allow 
the love of the soul to be expressed whenever it is 
brought into contact with experiences which oc¬ 
casion feelings of pleasure. But when it en¬ 
counters experiences of a seemingly unpleasant 
nature, its reaction from them is so great as to 
be a complete obstruction to the soul’s love. The 
first impression it receives of any experience is 
acted upon. It makes no effort to modify its 
judgments. Hence it is largely governed by cir¬ 
cumstances, and only under pleasant conditions 
does it allow the soul free expression. The depth 
of the moral activities of this type is indicated by 
the line bx. 

INTELLECTUAL. 

The intellectual type is freer than the emotional, 
in that it exerts the power of reason to modify its 
judgments, so that in many cases it is able to find 
reasons why an experience is good, which would be 
declared evil by the emotional mind. Thus it 


Of Psychology. 


93 


dissolves the barriers to the soul’s expression which 
are allowed in the emotional and superficial minds. 
It carries the impressions it receives nearer the 
soul than either of the others. In the super¬ 
ficial mind, volitions are governed by habit; in 
the emotional, by feeling. But in the intellectual 
mind, the volitions are the expressions of reason 
and emotion. The line ax indicates the depth of 
the moral activities in this type of character. 

SPIRITUAL. 

The spiritual type of mind finds good in all 
experiences. It considers all phenomena as the 
expressions of the spiritual beings which produce 
them, and as a means of spiritual communion. 
This is the highest type of mind, and produces 
the richest and deepest type of character. A per¬ 
son whose mind is thus trained will not only find 
good where others see nothing but evil, but he will 
discover values in experiences which others con¬ 
sider insignificant. All his sensibilities are highly 
developed. He takes pleasure in the pursuit of 
knowledge, the contemplation of beauty, and the 


94 Suggestions for Students 


performance and appreciation of right moral acts. 
He enjoys the pleasures of the senses so far as 
they contribute to the welfare of his whole being. 
But he is not disturbed by error and ugliness, 
wrong moral acts on the part of others, or physi¬ 
cal pain, knowing that in his unity with the In¬ 
finite Power, he is able to withstand and over¬ 
come all these things. The depth of the moral ac¬ 
tivities of this type is indicated by the line Cx. 

FORMATION OF CHARACTER. 

In the formation of character, there are many 
influences brought to bear upon the individual, 
and it is important to understand their relative 
values. 

1. The influence of heredity. The mental hab¬ 
its transmitted to the mind through heredity 
and prenatal influence are the basis of character, 
although it is possible to greatly modify them. 

2. The influence, of environment. All the con¬ 
tent of thought is derived from the environment. 
The first mental activities are in reference to the 
immediate environment, which is usually an ex- 


Of Psychology. 


95 


tension of the influences of heredity. Hence the 
habits transmitted through heredity are usually 
fostered in early years. 

3. The influence of education. The intellectual 
habits are formed by the systematic training of 
the school. We have seen how largely they govern 
the habits of sensibility and will. The kinds of 
objects and subjects of thought presented to the 
young mind, and the methods of thinking it is 
trained to use, exert great influence in the evolu¬ 
tion of character. 

4. The influence of experience. The sphere of 
the mind^s activities is constantly being enlarged 
through experience. This tends to deepen and 
broaden the character. However, we are inclined 
to ignore certain phases of experience and to give 
special attention to others. So the usual influence 
of experience is to strengthen mental habits al¬ 
ready formed. 

5. The influence of ideals. The ideals which 
we form by combining ideas of ourselves, and ideas 
of the admirable qualities and acts of other per¬ 
sons, form active centers in the mind which often 
take supremacy over other ideas, and dominate 


96 Suggestions for Students 


our thoughts, feelings, and actions, thus exerting 
a powerful influence in the formation of charac¬ 
ter. 

6. Influence of religious experiences. Any ex¬ 
perience which leads us to think of ourselves as 
part of the Infinite Power, is a religious experi¬ 
ence. Such experiences awaken the soul, and en¬ 
able it to overcome the limitations of the mind. 
They are most conducive to the development of a 
deep and balanced character. 


PART VI. 

STUDY OF PSYCHIC AND SPIRIT¬ 
UAL PHENOMENA. 


97 


f 


I. 


PSYCHIC POWERS AND THEIR 
PHENOMENA. 

Changes produced in the mind by some external 
finite power without the aid of material means 
of communication are called psychic phenomena. 

The power to produce and perceive psychic 
phenomena is called psychic power. 

Psychic phenomena occur in what may be called 
the sub-conscious mind, which is exterior and in¬ 
ferior to the conscious mind. We are related with 
the spiritual universe through the psychic powers 
of the sub-conscious mind, just as we are related 
with material phenomena through the vital forces 
in the physical organism. Let the sphere d in the 
chart indicate the sub-conscious mind. 

Through the spiritual snbstance which per¬ 
vades the material universe, vibrations are con¬ 
stantly traveling, which produce impressions in 
L.of C. 99 


100 Suggestions for Students 


the sub-conscious mind. These impressions are 
called psychic suggestions. This is an experience 
common to all minds, although the different hab¬ 
its of different minds lead to different results. 

In those minds which are very active and posi¬ 
tive, these psychic suggestions are thrown off. 
This accounts for the fact that people of a very 
positive temperament very seldom have psychic 
experiences of any kind. 

In negative minds, however, these psychic sug¬ 
gestions take root, and accumulate, often find¬ 
ing iheir way into the conscious mind, and occa¬ 
sioning the formation of ideas which are accepted 
by the mind, just as those derived from any or¬ 
dinary impressions would be. 

We are all constantly receiving psychic sugges¬ 
tions, but we become conscious of them only when 
the conscious mind is in a negative condition, or 
when we deliberately give attention to them. 

MIND-READING. 

Every mental state which we consciously or 
unconsciously entertain, causes vibrations in the 
surrounding spiritual atmosphere, which produce 


Of Psychology. 


101 


impressions upon the sub-conscious minds of other 
persons. When the mind is in a negative condi¬ 
tion, or when it gives deliberate attention to psy¬ 
chic suggestions, it becomes conscious of those 
mental states in the minds of others which have 
occasioned the suggestions. It is possible for a 
person having developed the power of psychic per¬ 
ception to read from the minds of others, not 
only those mental states of which they are con¬ 
scious, but in some cases, those psychic sugges¬ 
tions which have found lodgment in the sub-con¬ 
scious mind, of which they themselves are not con¬ 
scious. 


TELEPATHY. 

Telepathy is the communication of minds at 
a distance. It will readily be seen how the law of 
vibration makes it possible for mental states to 
be communicated through the spiritual atmosphere 
between minds in the same rate of vibration. This 
experience would be more common, if we gave 
more attention to our psychic impressions. 


102 Suggestions for Students 


HYPNOTISM. 

Hypnotism is psychic suggestion deliberately 
applied and willingly received. In this case, the 
activities of the conscious mind are entirely sus¬ 
pended, and the operator controls the volitions 
of the subject, through suggestions made to the 
sub-conscious mind. 


PROPHECY. 

The various causes which are to combine to pro¬ 
duce some future event all exist at the present 
moment, and are tending toward their combina¬ 
tion. A person who has developed the power of 
psychic perception is able to recognize these causes 
and their tendencies, and so to forecast the future. 
Such prophecies are never wholly reliable, for we 
can never be certain whether we have discovered 
all the causes which will influence the effect, nor 
what their ultimate action and combination will 
be. 


Of Psychology. 


103 


CLAIRVOYANCE. 

The presentation in the mind of the idea of 
a form, which is not derived from observation, is 
called clairvoyance. This psychic phenomenon 
can be accounted for in two ways. 

1. The image may be the result of a psychic 
suggestion, causing a sub-conscious activity of the 
imagination, resulting in the presentation of the 
idea of a form which has no substantial ex¬ 
istence. 

2. The sense of sight may be raised to a rate of 
vibration high enough to allow it to perceive spir¬ 
itual forms, i. e ., forms whose substance is in a 
higher rate of vibration than that which is usually 
perceived through the senses. 

CLAIRAUDIENCE. 

The presentation in the mind of the idea of 
a sound which has no physical origin is called 
clairaudience. This psychic phenomenon may 
be accounted for in the same manner as clair¬ 


voyance. 


104 Suggestions for Students 


PSYCHOMETRY. 

The interpretation of psychic suggestions re¬ 
ceived through contact with material objects is 
called psychometry. This psychic phenomenon 
may be accounted for in two ways. 

1. The object may form a connecting link be¬ 
tween the mind of the reader and the minds of 
persons connected with it. 

2. The activities of the mind produce impres¬ 
sions upon the spiritual substance pervading ma¬ 
terial things, which can be interpreted by persons 
possessing the power of psychic perception. 

MEDIUMSHIP. 

Mediumship is a condition in which the voli¬ 
tions of the individual are controlled by some ex¬ 
ternal finite intelligence, generally considered to 
be excamate. 

CULTIVATION OF PSYCHIC POWERS. 

Psychic powers may be developed by using them. 
They are common to all minds. We all use them 
and are influenced by them, to a far greater de¬ 
gree than we imagine. 


Of Psychology. 105 

By giving more careful attention to the psychic 
impressions which, we receive, and using the power 
of vibration to convey our mental states to other 
minds through the spiritual atmosphere, we shall 
come into possession of these important functions 
of our being. “Sitting in the silence” is very con¬ 
ducive to this end, as it enables us to quiet the 
excessive activity of the conscious mind. 

Because the phenomena which they present to 
the mind are remarkable, and to many minds ex¬ 
ceedingly mysterious, some persons have exalted 
the psychic powers as being of a divine nature. 
This is not necessarily true. Many persons who 
surrender their lives to the sway of these powers 
become sensual and unbalanced, and gradually 
cease to express their own individuality. But 
when the psychic powers are brought under the 
control of the conscious mind, they form a valuable 
addition to our mental powers, and if both the 
conscious and the sub-conscious minds are brought 
under the control of the super-conscious or spiri¬ 
tual mind, they become truly spiritual powers, 
and aid in the realization of the divinity of the 
soul. 


106 Suggestions for Students 


II. 

SPIRITUAL POWERS AND THEIR 
PHENOMENA. 

Changes produced in the mind by the attraction 
of the soul for the Infinite Spirit are called spiri¬ 
tual phenomena. 

The power which produces them is called spiri¬ 
tual power. It is the divine, universal love of the 
soul , the expression of its attraction for the In¬ 
finite Spirit. 

Spiritual phenomena occur in what ma}^ be 
called the super-conscious mind, which is interior 
and superior to the conscious mind. They are 
possible only when the conscious mind is disposed 
to allow the soul to seek unity with the Infinite 
Spirit. 

These spiritual phenomena consist in the dif¬ 
ferent degrees of spiritual consciousness to which 


Of Psychology. 107 

the mind is elevated by certain spiritual activi¬ 
ties. 

The aim of all spiritual activity is the reali¬ 
zation of the souFs unity with the Infinite Spirit. 
The various methods by which this end is ap¬ 
proached may be grouped in two classes, religious 
and philosophical. 

ASPIRATION AND CONCENTRATION. 

The first state of spiritual consciousness, in 
which the individual recognizes intelligence be¬ 
hind all phenomena and directs the souFs love 
toward all spiritual beings, is attained by the re¬ 
ligious mind through aspiration, and by the philo¬ 
sophical mind through concentration. 

Aspiration is a state of mind in which the in¬ 
dividual is disposed to recognize the activity of the 
Supreme Being in all phenomena, and seeks unity 
with that Being through prayer and other re¬ 
ligious exercises, thus opening the soul to an in¬ 
flux of spiritual power. 

Concentration is a method of mental discipline 
employed for the purpose of overcoming the ten- 


108 Suggestions for Students 


dency of the mind to deal with all experiences in 
a superficial way. The mind is inclined to act up¬ 
on intellectual judgments without referring them 
to the soul. Hence, most of our activities do not 
express the soul, but rather reflect the environ¬ 
ment. We rarely contemplate one object or sub¬ 
ject of thought long enough to discover that which 
it expresses. Concentration is the practice of 
holding the attention of the mind to one object or 
subject of thought, until the soul realizes its unity 
with the power which is expressed in that phenom¬ 
enon. By means of this practice, the habit of 
spiritual thinking may be established. 

This state of consciousness is indicated by the 
sphere C in the chart. 

INSPIRATION AND MEDITATION. 

The religious mind thinks of the Supreme Be¬ 
ing as an external being, from which it receives 
life, love and wisdom. When it realizes the influx 
of these powers which follows aspiration, it calls 
this state of consciousness divine grace or inspira¬ 
tion. 


Of Psychology. 


109 


The philosophical mind thinks of the Supreme 
Being as a Universal Intelligence and Substance of 
which it is a part. By the practice of concentra¬ 
tion, it establishes this idea, and puts its own spiri¬ 
tual being into relation with all other spiritual 
life. It then enters the state of consciousness 
called meditation, in which it is receptive to the 
influx of spiritual power from all beings with 
which it has related itself, and from the Univer¬ 
sal Spirit which includes it. 

This state of consciousness is indicated by the 
sphere B in the chart. 

ILLUMINATION AND REALIZATION. 

The goal of all spiritual attainment is con¬ 
sciousness of unity with the Infinite Intelligence. 
This state of consciousness is called by the re¬ 
ligious mind illumination, and by the philosophi¬ 
cal mind realization. To reach this state of be¬ 
ing is the purpose of life. To this end, consciously 
or unconsciously, we pursue all thought, affection, 
action, religion. It is a goal seldom attained by 
the soul while engaged in human expression, for 


110 Suggestions for Students. 

the very idea of expression implies separateness. 
There are moments, however, in the lives of all 
devotees, when the veil of separateness is rent, and 
the glory of the souhs unity with its Source is 
realized. The more frequent these experiences 
and the more nearly we approximate to this ideal 
state of being, the more perfectly poised and the 
more profound will be our lives. This perfect re¬ 
alization or illumination can never be fully ex¬ 
pressed. It is a secret of the inner consciousness 
of the soul. 

In the chart,"the center A indicates the state 
of consciousness known as Illumination or Ideali¬ 
zation. 


THE END. 


INDEX 


Action . 

Adhesion . 

Affections . 

Affinity . 

Analysis . 

Analysis of Man. 

Art . 

Artistic Sensibility. 

Aspiration . 

Attitude . 

Attraction . 

Beauty . 

Being .. 

Body, The. 

Cause . 

Cause of Disease. 

Character . 

Depth of.... 
“ k Balance of... 

Formation of 

Cheirosophy . 

Circumstantial memory. 

Clairaudience . 

Clairvoyance . 

Cohesion . 

Concentration . 

Consciousness . 

Deductive Reasoning... 
Density . 


PAGE 

61,78 

8 

• 58 

9 

. 46 

1 7 ,19 
40 
. 56 

. 107 
. 76 

8 
56 
10 
24 
50 
70 

89 

90 
89 


35 

103 

103 

8 

107 

34 

52 

4 
































112 


Index, 


■PAGE 


Differentiation . 

Disease . 

Dreams . 

Duty . 

Education, Influence of. 

Electro-nervous Fluid. 

Elementary Reasoning. 

Emotions . 

Emotional Type of Character 
Environment, Influence of... 
Experience, Influence of.... 

Expression of Emotions. 

“ “ Thoughts. 

“ Volitions. 

Facial Expression. 

Fact . 

Fancy . 

Feeling . 

Force . 

Generalization . 

Gesture . 

Gravitation . 

Healing, Principles of. 

Health . 

Heredity, Influence of. 

Hypnotism . 

Hypothesis . 

Ideas . 

Intuitive . 

Objective . 

Subjective . 

Ideals . 

“ Influence of. 

Identity, Personal. 

Illuminination . 

Imagination . 

Impression . 

Individuality . 

Inductive Reasoning . 

Information . 

Inspiration . 


* 9 
. 68 

• 39 


87 


• 95 

.24, 65 
, 46 

• 57 

• 93 
94 

‘ 9 i 

• 76 


74 


78 

76 

45 

39 

53 


10 


49, 50 
76 
9 
7i 
68 


• 94 

102 

•- 5i 

• 33 

• 4i 

• 4i 

. 42 

• 39 

• 95 
42 
109 

38 

3i 

. 60 


5i 

38 

108 











































Index. 


Intellect . 

Intellectual Sensibility. 

Type of Character 

Intelligence . 

Interpretation of Expression.. 

Intuition . 

Invention . 

Knowledge . 

Elementary . 

Philosophical . 

Scientific . 

Language . 

Manual . 

Oral . 

Written . 

Laws ..... 

Artificial . 

Material . 

Moral . 

Spiritual . 

Laws of Health. 

“ “ Imagination . 

“ “ Memory .. 

“ “ Observation . 

Love . 

Matter ... 

Meditation . 

Mediumship . 

Memory . 

Methods of Healing. 

Medical . 

Mental . 

Mind, The. 

Mind Reading.. 

Modulations of the Voice. 

Moral Consciousness.... 

Moral Sensibility. 

Necessary Truth. 

Neurology . 

Object of Thought. 

Observation . 


113 

PAGE 

43 
54 
92 

IO 

78 

4i 

40 

44 

48 
5i 

49 

74 

75 
74 
74 

13 
16 

14 

15 
15 
69 
40 
37 

34 
9 
5 

108 

104 

35 
72 
72 
72 
22 
100 

77 

85 

53 


27 

31 











































114 


Index, 


Phenomena, 

Objective . 

Psychic . 

Spiritual . 

Subjective . 

Philosophical Generalization 
Knowledge . 
Memory .... 
Reasoning .. 

Phrenology . 

Physical Sensibility. 

“ Truth . 

Physiognomy . 

Power . 

Presentation of Ideas. 

Primary Truth.. 

Principles of Healing. 

Probable Truth. 

Prophecy . 

Psychic Powers. 

Psychometry . 

Realization . 

Reasoning .. 

Deductive . 

Elementary . 

Inductive . 

Philosophical .. 

Scientific . 

Religion . 

Influence of. 

Rights of Moral Beings. 

Scientific Knowledge. 

Reasoning . 

Sensation . 

Sensibility . 

Soul, The. 

Spirit . 

Spiritual Type of Character. 

“ Unfoldment . 

Sub-conscious Mind. 

Subject of Thought. 


PAGE 

26 

• * 99 

... 106 

... 27 

... 50 

.. 51 

... 36 

•• • 49 

... 67 

• • 55 

... 45 

... 67 

7 

• • 33 

• • 44 

... 71 

... 45 

... 102 

.. 100 

.. 104 

,.. 109 

.. 46 

... 52 

.. 4 6 

.. 5i 
.. 49 

.. 48 

9 

.. 96 

.. 86 
•• 49 

.. 48 

.. 32 

•• 53 

21 

5 

106-110 


99 

27 










































Index. 


115 

PAGE 

Substance . 3 

Super-conscious Mind. 106 

Superficial Type of Character. 91 

Synthesis . 48 

Telepathy . 101 

Thought . r . 40 

Truth . 44 

Vibration . 11 

Rates of. 12 

Vital Forces.24, 59, 65 to 72 

Voice Modulations. 77 

Volitions . 59 

Will . 59 
































































































































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